Time in Range (TIR) Calculator: Glucose CGM Tool

Calculate diabetes Time in Range (TIR), Time Above Range (TAR), and Time Below Range (TBR) percentages from Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) data.

Calculate Your Time in Range

Enter glucose readings to see how many fall within, below, and above your target range.

mg/dLmmol/L

Manual EntryBulk Paste

Glucose Readings

0 readings

Target Min

mg/dL

Target Max

mg/dL

Default range: 70\u2013180 mg/dL (3.9\u201310.0 mmol/L) per International Consensus.

Your Results

Time in Range

Below Range

Above Range

Average Glucose

Total Readings

In-range Readings

Target Range Used

Glucose Management Indicator (GMI)

Visual Summary

Below In Range Above

Calculation Breakdown

Educational Interpretation

International Consensus Clinical Targets (for reference)

The following targets were established by the International Consensus on Time in Range (Battelino et al., Diabetes Care 2019) and are provided for informational reference.

Population	Target Range	TIR Target	TBR (<70 mg/dL)	TAR (>180 mg/dL)
T1D / T2D adults	70–180 mg/dL	>70%	<4%	<25%
Older / high-risk	70–180 mg/dL	>50%	<1%	<50%
Pregnancy (T1D)	63–140 mg/dL	>70%	<4%	<25%

Medical Disclaimer

This calculator summarizes the glucose readings you entered and estimates the percentage that fall within the selected target range. It is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used to make medication or treatment decisions. For interpretation of your glucose data, consult your healthcare professional.

Quick Summary

Clinical diabetes analytics utility adhering to the International Consensus on Time in Range (70–180 mg/dL / 3.9–10.0 mmol/L). Paste bulk glucose readings to verify clinical target achievement (target: >70% TIR).

How It Works

Choose your unit. Switch between mg/dL (default) and mmol/L to match your glucose meter or CGM.
Enter your glucose readings. Use the manual entry mode to add readings one at a time, or switch to bulk paste mode to enter multiple values at once (comma, space, or newline separated).
Set your target range. The default range is 70–180 mg/dL (International Consensus recommendation). You can customize the values to match your healthcare provider’s guidance.
Review the distribution. The calculator displays what percentage of your readings fall within range, below range, and above range, along with the total reading count, average glucose, and estimated GMI.
View the visual summary. The segmented progress bar shows the proportional distribution of your readings across the three categories at a glance.
Read the educational interpretation. The calculator explains what the percentages mean mathematically, without evaluating clinical significance or recommending actions.

Formula Used

Time in Range (%) = (Readings within target range ÷ Total readings) × 100

Below Range (%) = (Readings below target minimum ÷ Total readings) × 100

Above Range (%) = (Readings above target maximum ÷ Total readings) × 100

Average Glucose = Sum of all readings ÷ Total readings

Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) = 3.31 + 0.02392 × Mean glucose (mg/dL)

Time in Range (TIR) is a standardized metric for assessing glucose data from continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) readings. The International Consensus on Time in Range established a target range of 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) for most people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with a clinical target of more than 70% of readings within this range. Each 1% increase in TIR corresponds to approximately 15 minutes per day. This calculator applies the same counting method to any glucose readings you enter, using whichever target range you select.

The Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) was introduced by Bergenstal et al. (2018, Diabetes Care) as a standardized method for estimating HbA1c from CGM mean glucose data. GMI is calculated using the regression equation GMI (%) = 3.31 + 0.02392 × mean glucose (mg/dL). The GMI displayed here is an estimate derived from your entered readings and should not replace laboratory-measured HbA1c.

Evidence

Time in Range (TIR) was established as a standardized glucose metric by the International Consensus on Time in Range, convened by the Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) Congress in 2019. The consensus recommendations were published in Diabetes Care and are endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA).

Key evidence supporting TIR as a glucose metric includes:

The International Consensus on Time in Range (Battelino et al., Diabetes Care 2019) defined standardized CGM metrics including TIR, TBR (time below range), and TAR (time above range), and established clinical targets for these metrics across diabetes populations.
The American Diabetes Association Standards of Care in Diabetes recognizes TIR as an established metric for glycemic assessment and sets a goal of >70% TIR for most nonpregnant adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) highlights TIR as a clinically useful metric for diabetes management and research, citing the 2019 International Consensus targets.
Peer-reviewed evidence has demonstrated correlations between TIR and diabetes complications, including retinopathy, and between TIR and A1C, supporting TIR as an endpoint for clinical trials and for assessment of glycemic control.
The Glucose Management Indicator (GMI). was introduced by Bergenstal et al. (2018) in Diabetes Care as a standardized method for estimating HbA1c from CGM mean glucose data, providing a common reporting language across CGM systems.

The calculator applies the counting methodology described in the consensus recommendations. It does not evaluate whether your readings meet clinical targets. It simply shows the mathematical distribution of the values you enter.

How to Interpret Your Results

The calculator interprets only the mathematical distribution of your entered readings:

Time in Range (TIR). The percentage of readings that fall within your selected target range. For example, if 70 out of 100 readings are within range, your TIR is 70%. Each 1% represents approximately one out of every hundred readings.
Below Range. The percentage of readings that are below the target minimum. These readings fall below the lower boundary of your selected range.
Above Range. The percentage of readings that exceed the target maximum. These readings fall above the upper boundary of your selected range.
Average Glucose. The arithmetic mean of all entered readings. This is calculated solely from the values you provided and is presented for reference.
Glucose Management Indicator (GMI). An estimate of HbA1c calculated from the average glucose using the regression equation GMI (%) = 3.31 + 0.02392 × mean glucose (mg/dL). GMI is a CGM-derived estimate and may differ from laboratory HbA1c.

Important:: This calculator does not evaluate whether your TIR meets clinical goals, assess glucose variability, predict complications, or recommend treatment changes. Clinical interpretation of glucose data requires consideration of individual factors, including time of day, meal timing, medication, activity, and overall health. Always discuss your glucose data with a qualified healthcare professional.

The visual summary displays the proportional distribution of your readings across the three categories. It is a mathematical representation only and should not be used to make clinical decisions.

Medical Disclaimer

The information provided by Qurekit's calculators is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Time in Range (TIR)?

Time in Range (TIR) is a glucose monitoring metric that represents the percentage of time a person spends with their blood glucose levels within a target range. The most commonly used target range is 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L), as established by the International Consensus on Time in Range. TIR is calculated by dividing the number of glucose readings within the target range by the total number of readings. This calculator uses the same calculation method — it counts your entered readings and displays the percentage that fall within your selected range.

How does this calculator work?

You can enter glucose readings in two ways: (1) manually, one at a time using the dynamic input rows, or (2) by pasting multiple values at once into the bulk paste textarea. After entering your readings, you can adjust the target range (default 70–180 mg/dL or 3.9–10.0 mmol/L). The calculator counts how many readings fall within, below, and above your selected range, then displays each as a percentage of total readings. The formula used is: Time in Range (%) = (Readings within target range ÷ Total readings) × 100.

What glucose values are supported?

The calculator accepts glucose values between 20 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L) and 600 mg/dL (33.3 mmol/L). Values outside this range will be rejected with a validation message. You can enter your readings manually one at a time, or paste a batch of values separated by commas, spaces, or new lines. Empty entries and non-numeric values are ignored or flagged. The calculator supports up to 500 readings per calculation.

Can I change the target range?

Yes. The default target range is 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L), which is the range recommended by the International Consensus on Time in Range for most people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. You can customize both the minimum and maximum values to match the range discussed with your healthcare provider. The minimum must be at least 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L), the maximum cannot exceed 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L), and the range must be at least 10 mg/dL (0.6 mmol/L) wide.

What are the limitations of this tool?

This tool calculates the mathematical distribution of the glucose readings you enter. It does not evaluate diabetes control, predict outcomes, recommend treatment changes, or replace professional medical assessment. The calculator accepts any values you enter and displays the distribution. it does not validate whether readings are clinically appropriate or whether your target range suits your individual health status. Always consult your healthcare provider for interpretation of your glucose data.

Is this calculator suitable for clinical decision-making?

No. This calculator is intended for educational purposes only. It summarizes the glucose readings you enter and estimates the percentage that fall within your selected target range. It should not be used to make medication or treatment decisions. Clinical assessment of glucose data requires consideration of many factors that this tool does not evaluate, including time of day, meal timing, medication timing, physical activity, illness, and individual treatment goals. For interpretation of your glucose data, consult your healthcare professional.

Medical References

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Version History

Every version is logged with its build date, changes, and evidence sources so you can verify the methodology.

Version v1.0.0

Initial Implementation

Built July 2, 2026

Initial implementation of the Time in Range (TIR) Calculator. Implements the International Consensus on Time in Range methodology for calculating the percentage of glucose readings within, below, and above a user-selected target range (default 70–180 mg/dL). Supports manual reading entry with dynamic rows and bulk paste input modes with automatic parsing. Provides a segmented progress bar visual summary and educational interpretation of the mathematical distribution.

Changes

Initial calculator implementation
Manual entry mode with dynamic Add/Remove reading rows
Bulk paste mode supporting comma, space, and newline separated values
Customizable target range with inline validation
Bidirectional unit conversion (mg/dL / mmol/L) with internal mg/dL normalization
Default target range: 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) per International Consensus
Time in Range, Below Range, and Above Range percentage calculation
Total and in-range reading counts
Average glucose calculation
Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) estimation from average glucose
International Consensus clinical targets table for educational reference
Segmented progress bar visual summary
Educational interpretation of mathematical distribution
Medical disclaimer always visible with results
Medical references section with authoritative sources (ADA, International Consensus, NIDDK, NIH)
FAQ section with 6 educational questions
Structured data (WebApplication, MedicalWebPage, FAQPage)
BreadcrumbList JSON-LD for SEO
Accessibility: keyboard navigation, aria-live, focus management
Mobile-responsive layout
Related tools carousel

Evidence Sources

American Diabetes Association (ADA)
International Consensus on Time in Range (Battelino et al., Diabetes Care 2019)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Glucose Management Indicator (Bergenstal et al., Diabetes Care 2018)